Study of highly perturbed spacecraft formation dynamics via approximation

This paper explores methods for approximating and analyzing the dynamics of highly perturbed spacecraft formations with an emphasis on computationally efficient approaches. This facilitates on-board computation or rapid preliminary mission design analysis. Perturbed formation dynamics are often approximated as linear time-varying (LTV) systems, for which Floquet theory can be used to analyze the degree of system instability. Furthermore, the angular momentum of the relative orbital state can be computed with the approximate dynamics to provide additional insight. A general methodology is developed first and then applied to the problem of unstable formation dynamics in asteroid orbits. Here the dominant perturbative effects due to low-order gravitational harmonics and solar radiation pressure are modeled. Numerical simulations validate the approach and illustrate the approximation accuracy achieved.     

高温存储对Sn-Pb-Ni凸点界面金属间化合物生长的影响

倒装焊工艺由于具有信号处理速度快、封装密度高、可靠性高等特点，已广泛应用于高密度集成电路封装工艺中。高可靠倒装焊器件的互连焊点通常采用10Sn90Pb等高铅焊料，该焊料具有剪切强度高、可靠性高等优点，但其熔点高、回流工艺窗口窄等特性给封装工艺带来一定难度，此外该焊料在高温存储环境的可靠性有待进一步提高。本文采用Ni元素对10Sn90Pb焊料进行改性，研究高温存储下Sn-Pb-Ni体系凸点的力学性能以及金属间化合物（Intermetallic compound,IMC）的生长演变规律，以此评估Ni元素对10Sn90Pb凸点可靠性的影响。主要结果如下：适量添加Ni元素可以细化10Sn90Pb焊点界面处IMC晶粒，降低高温存储条件下的IMC生长速度，但在一定程度上会降低凸点的剪切强度。0.05%~0.1%含量的Ni元素添加对10Sn90Pb凸点综合性能提升较为显著。     

多臂协调操作自由飞行空间机器人的位置和内力混合控制

基于多臂自由飞行空间机器人多臂协调操使负载沿着期望的轨迹运动并且控制负载所受的内力为目的，在多臂自由飞行空间机器人系统协调操作的动力学方程基础上，推导了各个机械臂协调操作负载按期望轨迹运动时各个机械臂关节的驱动力矩的计算方法；给出了作用在负载的内力的定义，根据关节力矩计算方法和PID反馈控制原理，建立了多臂自由飞行空间机器人协调操作负载时的位置和内力的控制算法；讨论了所提出的控制算法的稳定性问题，得到了负载的位置误差和内力误差的约束条件。通过仿真实验证明该控制算法能够使负载的实际位姿和内力收敛到期望的轨迹和内力。     

用亚稳态正电子素研究络合的瞬态反应（Ⅲ）

本文用自制的装有 BaF_2探头的高探测效率的正电子湮没寿命谱仪测量了在室温下正电子素 o-Ps 与 p-RPhG 及 m-RPhG(R=NO_2,Cl,H,CH_3,cH_3O)在20%(V/V)二氧六环水溶液中的络合形成速度常数。实验结果表明,这些o-Ps-M 络合形成速度常数 K 值均与作为配位体的 p-RPhG、m-RPhG 的碱性解离常数 K 的负对数 pK_2 呈线性函数。这表明上述瞬态络合反应满足线性自由能关系,由此可推断出上述络合反应的一些重要性质。     

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with primary goat embryonic fibroblast showed no difference from traditional feederlayer-based culture method used in mouse and human. The putative primary EG colonies were multilayer clumps ofcompact cel     

密集编队气动耦合效应分析

简要介绍密集编队飞行时长机旋涡对僚机产生的气动耦合效应，以比奥特－萨瓦尔特定律为基础，初步分析由上洗及侧洗引起的升力、阻力和侧力变化，导出了编队稳定性导数的计算公式，计算及应用举例表明：模型化编队飞行时的气动耦合效应是有实际应用价值的。     

The Origin of Mercury

Mercury’s unusually high mean density has always been attributed to special circumstances that occurred during the formation of the planet or shortly thereafter, and due to the planet’s close proximity to the Sun. The nature of these special circumstances is still being debated and several scenarios, all proposed more than 20 years ago, have been suggested. In all scenarios, the high mean density is the result of severe fractionation occurring between silicates and iron. It is the origin of this fractionation that is at the centre of the debate: is it due to differences in condensation temperature and/or in material characteristics (e.g. density, strength)? Is it because of mantle evaporation due to the close proximity to the Sun? Or is it due to the blasting off of the mantle during a giant impact? In this paper we investigate, in some detail, the fractionation induced by a giant impact on a proto-Mercury having roughly chondritic elemental abundances. We have extended the previous work on this hypothesis in two significant directions. First, we have considerably increased the resolution of the simulation of the collision itself. Second, we have addressed the fate of the ejecta following the impact by computing the expected reaccretion timescale and comparing it to the removal timescale from gravitational interactions with other planets (essentially Venus) and the Poynting–Robertson effect. To compute the latter, we have determined the expected size distribution of the condensates formed during the cooling of the expanding vapor cloud generated by the impact. We find that, even though some ejected material will be reaccreted, the removal of the mantle of proto-Mercury following a giant impact can indeed lead to the required long-term fractionation between silicates and iron and therefore account for the anomalously high mean density of the planet. Detailed coupled dynamical–chemical modeling of this formation mechanism should be carried out in such a way as to allow explicit testing of the giant impact hypothesis by forthcoming space missions (e.g. MESSENGER and BepiColombo).     

无人机自由编队飞行的补偿模糊神经网络控制

为了克服当前提出的无人机编队飞行的不足，提出一种新的无人机编队飞行概念——自由编队飞行，制定了相关的避让规则，用补偿模糊神经网络进行训练，实现自由编队飞行的补偿模糊神经网络控制。仿真显示，编队飞行的飞机能按照规则自主改变航路进行避让，表明了该方法的有效性。     

微型仿生扑翼飞行器的尺度效应分析

微型仿生扑翼飞行器是一种新概念的微型飞行器。但它不是对传统飞行器的简单几何缩小,当其特征尺度缩小到一定尺度时,系统内各种因素的相对影响将产生质的变化。针对微型仿生扑翼飞行器的机械扑翼系统,包括微驱动器、仿生翅、运动系统和动力源等,本文进行了尺度效应分析。分析结果表明,当尺寸减小时,仿生飞行更容易实现:通过共振能实现高频运动,微静电、电磁和压电驱动器都能满足扑翼系统功率需求。这为设计和研制微型仿生扑翼飞行器提供了理论依据。